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Saturday, 10 December 2011

Percentages (%)


When you say "Percent" you are really saying "per 100"


And 25% means 25 per 100


Formula for percentage


formula-for-percentage

Examples #1:

25 % of 200 is____ 

In this problem, of = 200, is = ?, and % = 25

We get:

is/200 = 25/100

Since is in an unknown, you can replace it by y to make the problem more familiar

y/200 = 25/100

Cross multiply to get y × 100 = 200 × 25

y × 100 = 5000

Divide 5000 by 100 to get y

Since 5000/100 = 50, y = 50

So, 25 % of 200 is 50




Now, we will take examples to illustrate how to use the formula for percentage on the right

Examples #4:

To use the other formula that says part and whole, just remember the following:

The number after of is always the whole

The number after is is always the part

If I say 25 % of___ is 60, we know that the whole is missing and part = 60

Your proportion will will like this:

60/whole = 25/100

After cross multiplying, we get:

whole × 25 = 60 × 100

whole × 25 = 6000

Divide 6000 by 25 to get whole

6000/25 = 240, so whole = 240

Therefore, 25 % of 240 is 60














Examples #2:

What number is 2% of 50 ?

This is just another way of saying 2% of 50 is___

So, set up the proportion as example #1




Examples #3:

24% of___ is 36

This time, notice that is = 36, but of is missing

After you set up the formula, you get:

36/of = 24/100

Replace of by y and cross multiply to get:

36/y = 24/100





Percentage increase and decrease

Sometimes due to inconsistent usage, it is not always clear from the context what a percentage is relative to. When speaking of a "10% rise" or a "10% fall" in a quantity, the usual interpretation is that this is relative to the initial value of that quantity. For example, if an item is initially priced at $200 and the price rises 10% (an increase of $20), the new price will be $220. Note that this final price is 110% of the initial price (100% + 10% = 110%).



Some other examples of percent changes:
  • An increase of 100% in a quantity means that the final amount is 200% of the initial amount (100% of initial + 100% of increase = 200% of initial); in other words, the quantity has doubled.
  • An increase of 800% means the final amount is 9 times the original (100% + 800% = 900% = 9 times as large).
  • A decrease of 60% means the final amount is 40% of the original (100% − 60% = 40%).
  • A decrease of 100% means the final amount is zero (100% − 100% = 0%).



(New Value / Old Value)  * 100   =  % Value



http://www.basic-mathematics.com/formula-for-percentage.html

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